2023 Casting Industry Market Development Status and Prospects in-depth Analysis
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casting is the foundation of manufacturing industry and the basic industry of national economy. Castings occupy a considerable proportion in various types of equipment such as aero engines, rocket engines, gas turbines, automobile engines, large light metal and ferrous metal structural equipment, and are essential to improve the performance of the equipment host.
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casting refers to the production of mold, the molten metal poured into the mold, after solidification to obtain a certain shape, size and performance of metal parts forming method.
According to the different casting metal materials, castings can be divided into cast iron, cast steel, non-ferrous metal and other alloy castings. Cast iron has long been dominant, accounting for 72.53 of the total castings, of which gray cast iron accounts for 41.87, ductile iron accounts for 29.45, malleable iron accounts for 1.21, and cast iron occupies an absolute dominant position in castings.
According to the "2021-2026 China Foundry Industry Depth Research and Development Trend Forecast Research Report" released by China Research Institute of Prichos Industry, the analysis shows thatFoundry Industry
, due to the high price of foundry machinery, most enterprises are still developing the foundry industry in the traditional way, and there is great pressure on the update of advanced technology and modern machinery and equipment. With the fierce market competition, enterprises with advanced technology and modern machinery and equipment will gradually eliminate backward technology and equipment enterprises. After many rounds of survival of the fittest, it will eventually bring about the improvement of the technology and equipment level of the whole industry.
During the 13th five-year Plan period, driven by market factors such as logistics costs, the layout of China's foundry industry has accelerated the pace of adjustment closely following the regional distribution of automobile and equipment manufacturing enterprises. In the process of economic integration in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area, the foundry industry has played an important role in attracting the industry's advantageous resources to gather and develop; especially with the rapid development of automobile lightweight, Ningbo, Nantong, Suzhou, Zhaoqing, Chongqing, Tianjin, Wuhu and other regions have accelerated the development of the die-casting industry, forming a number of light alloy die-casting industry bases.
China's casting production far exceeds that of other countries, the average output per unit of enterprise is lower than that of developed countries, and a large number of small foundries drag down the production capacity structure of China's foundry industry. China's foundry industry as a whole presents a large but not strong situation, the industry concentration is low, the future with the foundry industry supply-side structural adjustment to accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity, the industry concentration will be greatly improved. From the perspective of industry concentration, taking the wind power field as an example, according to statistics, in 2020, China's casting industry CR4 is 37%, the industry concentration is low, of which the sun and moon share market accounted for 18%, ranking first.
castings are mainly divided into two categories: black castings and non-ferrous castings. Black castings can be divided into gray cast iron, ductile iron, malleable cast iron and cast steel, etc., and non-ferrous castings can be divided into aluminum (magnesium) alloys, copper alloys, etc. According to the data of China Foundry Association, the proportion of black castings in the total amount of castings is higher than 80% all year round, which is the main category of casting industry.
2021, China's total casting output reached 54.05 million tons, up 4.0 percent year-on-year, with an average two-year growth of 5.3 percent, and the foundry industry has achieved relatively stable development.
Annual output of downstream industries: 15.4 million tons of automobile castings; 5.55 million tons of castings for internal combustion engines and agricultural machinery; 5.2 million tons of castings for construction machinery; 5 million tons of casting for mining and metallurgy machinery; 8.85 million tons of casting pipes and fittings; 2.6 million tons of machine tools; 2.15 million tons of rail transit castings; 2.35 million tons of power generation equipment and electric power castings; 350000 tons of ship castings; 6.6 million tons of other castings.
, accounting for 28.5 percent of automotive castings in 2021, and the output of automotive castings increased by 2.7 percent year-on-year due to the pull of exports; the demand for castings in machine tools, general machinery and emerging industries such as robots increased.
During the period from 2014 to 2021, ductile iron accounted for the largest increase, accounting for 29.5 in 2021, an increase of 2.7 percentage points from 2014, and the output increased from 12.4 million tons to 15.95 million tons, mainly due to the good casting performance of ductile iron, The cost is relatively low, and the application field is continuously expanded. It can be used in internal combustion engines, agricultural machinery, wind power castings, cast pipes and pipe fittings and other fields. Aluminum (magnesium) alloy in the new energy vehicle industry strong development, automotive lightweight development trend and other factors, 2021 production compared to 2014 increased by 0.7 to 13.3, the output of 7.2 million tons.
With the continuous efforts of Chinese foundry enterprises to improve product quality and technical content, China has gradually become one of the world's largest casting exporters, with China's casting exports of 1.649 million tons in 2020, down 30600 tons from 2019, and imports of 17600 tons, down 3900 tons from 2019. In 2021, China exported 1.608 million tons of castings and imported 16500 tons.
Foundry Industry Prospect Analysis Digital Transformation and Upgrading
the competition in the domestic high-end market is becoming more and more international. Although China's casting production has ranked first in the world for many years, China's casting exports are still dominated by low-end products. For some special high-end products, China is currently dominated by imports. In the future, with the improvement of China's casting technology, the international competition in the high-end casting market will become increasingly fierce. Scale enterprises in the establishment of the brand at the same time, more will look to the international market.
industry chain is also the key development direction of the foundry industry in the future. With the transformation and upgrading of the traditional casting industry, intelligent manufacturing and green casting, foundry enterprises have gradually explored diversified casting industry chains such as high-end equipment manufacturing, intelligent equipment manufacturing and intelligent casting services.
, driven by the vast market demand, additive manufacturing technology is also in the process of sustained and rapid development. New application materials continue to appear, and the application fields are gradually expanding. The development of industrial-grade and large-scale additive manufacturing equipment will become the key development direction. At present, additive manufacturing technology has formed a relatively complete technical system, application scenarios and scope continue to expand, the industrial chain has initially formed, and the additive manufacturing industry is entering an accelerated growth period.
The traditional casting production process in China is a non-digital analog process model, and the production process and the prediction of casting results are highly dependent on the personal experience and ability of technicians. Other industrial manufacturing industries (automotive, aerospace, shipbuilding, machining, etc.) have gradually completed the digital upgrade of design and manufacturing.
, as a supporting casting industry, urgently needs to complete the digital production process under the competition, and realize the market requirements of supporting production and casting accuracy improvement, and complete the automation transformation to solve the problem of personnel and efficiency. In this context, 3D sand printing equipment has become a sharp tool to rapidly improve the traditional gravity casting industry. Traditional casting enterprises can use 3D sand printing equipment to complete the upgrading process of casting process, digitally connect the customer's digital workpiece design process, and realize the full digital casting process.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, in order to meet the needs of the host market, China's casting material structure will be further changed. In cast iron products, the proportion of high-performance ductile iron and vermicular graphite cast iron castings has further increased. Under the background of the development trend of lightweight and the rapid development of new energy vehicles and the accelerated construction of 5G communication new base stations, some traditional black castings will be replaced by light alloy castings, the application of light alloys such as aluminum and magnesium will be further expanded, and their proportion in the casting market will continue to grow.
